Nucleotide balance is critically important not only in replicating cells but also in quiescent
cells. This is especially true in the nervous system, where there is a high demand for …

Three recombination events, reciprocal recombination, sister-chromatid recombination, and
gene conversion, were studied using substrates designed in vitro. Each type of …

The potent liver carcinogen aflatoxin B 1 (AFB1) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 to the
mutagenic epoxide. We have observed that activated AFB1 also strongly induced mitotic …

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) undergo extensive chemical modification within cells through the
activity of tRNA methyltransferase enzymes (TRMs). Although tRNA modifications are dynamic, …

The following review article presents clinical and experimental features of alcohol-induced
liver disease (ALD). Basic aspects of alcohol metabolism leading to the development of liver …

Genetic instability in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rad9 mutant correlates with failure to
arrest the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. We quantitated the DNA damage-associated …

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) can occur by several recombination mechanisms, including
those directly initiated by double‐strand breaks (DSBs), such as gap repair and break‐…

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO 2 ) have been considered a possible carcinogen to
humans, but most existing studies have overlooked the role of human enzymes in assessing …

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 is structurally similar to Escherichia coli RecA. We investigated
the role of S. cerevisiae RAD51 in DNA damage-associated unequal sister chromatid …

We used the his3 recombinational substrates (his3 fragments) to direct large
interchromosomal (translocations) and intrachromosomal (deletions and tandem duplications) …